{"id":3569,"date":"2024-05-30T13:59:29","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T13:59:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/editorial.buluttan.com\/?p=3569"},"modified":"2025-08-03T21:30:36","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T21:30:36","slug":"turbulans-nasil-olusur-ve-nasil-onem-alinir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/editorial.buluttan.com\/?p=3569","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrb\u00fclans Nas\u0131l Olu\u015fur ve Nas\u0131l \u00d6nlem Al\u0131n\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"interior<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrb\u00fclans Nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131n kelime anlam\u0131 hareket halindeki bir ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u00fczensizli\u011fidir. Bu d\u00fczensizli\u011fin sebebi genellikle bas\u0131nc\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki ani de\u011fi\u015fimidir ama r\u00fczgar\u0131n h\u0131z ve y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, y\u00fczeyin p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u0131s\u0131 farklar\u0131 ve jet ak\u0131mlar\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan tetiklenir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, hava k\u00fctlelerinin birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ve t\u00fcrb\u00fclansl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler olu\u015fturmas\u0131na neden olur. U\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan t\u00fcrb\u00fclans, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek irtifalarda jet ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n kenarlar\u0131nda veya y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n engellerin \u00e7evresinde daha s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve u\u00e7aklar\u0131n sars\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrb\u00fclans \u00c7e\u015fitleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Termal \/ Konvektif T\u00fcrb\u00fclans<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zellikle yaz aylar\u0131nda ve \u00f6\u011fleden sonraki saatlerde yery\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisindeki en y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ula\u015f\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6lgede nem de var ise nemli havan\u0131n hafif olmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki hava h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde y\u00fckselir. Bu h\u0131zla y\u00fckselen hava b\u00f6lgedeki hava s\u00fctununda t\u00fcrb\u00fclansa yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yer \u015eekillerine Ba\u011fl\u0131 T\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

R\u00fczgar\u0131n, yer y\u00fczeyindeki engeller (da\u011flar, binalar, a\u011fa\u00e7lar vb.) nedeniyle y\u00f6n ve h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi sonucu olu\u015fur. Bu t\u00fcr t\u00fcrb\u00fclans genellikle y\u00fczeye yak\u0131n alanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve y\u00fczeyin p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artt\u0131k\u00e7a etkisi de artar. Bu y\u00fczden havalimanlar\u0131 in\u015fa edilirken b\u00f6lgedeki p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fcl\u00fck dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131k Hava T\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Genellikle bulutsuz havalarda, \u00f6zellikle jet ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu y\u00fcksek irtifalarda (yakla\u015f\u0131k 200mb seviyesi) olu\u015fur. Jet ak\u0131mlar\u0131, atmosferin \u00fcst katmanlar\u0131nda h\u0131zla hareket eden r\u00fczgar bantlar\u0131d\u0131r ve sezonsal hava desenlerinin bir numaral\u0131 sebebidir. 120 km\/saat h\u0131zdan daha y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlara sahip olan bu ak\u0131mlar\u0131n kenarlar\u0131ndaki r\u00fczgar kesmesi sonucu olu\u015fan t\u00fcrb\u00fclans olduk\u00e7a \u015fiddetli olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da\u011f Aras\u0131 T\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

R\u00fczgar\u0131n s\u0131ra da\u011flar\u0131n \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7erken olu\u015fturdu\u011fu dalgalar nedeniyle olu\u015fur. Bu dalgalar, da\u011f\u0131n r\u00fczgar alt\u0131 taraf\u0131nda t\u00fcrb\u00fclansl\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wake T\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

U\u00e7aklar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 hava ak\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle olu\u015fur. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u00e7aklar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda olu\u015fan bu t\u00fcrb\u00fclans, ini\u015f ve kalk\u0131\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda di\u011fer u\u00e7aklar i\u00e7in tehlike olu\u015fturabilir. U\u00e7aklar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda r\u00fczgar t\u00fcrbinleri de arkas\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in wake t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131 olu\u015ftururlar ve di\u011fer t\u00fcrbinlerin enerji \u00fcretim performans\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyebilirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"world<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fiminin T\u00fcrb\u00fclans \u00dczerindeki Etkileri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimi<\/a> yukar\u0131da verilen t\u00fcrb\u00fclans t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131ndan iki tanesinde etkilidir. Bunlar termal \/ konvektif t\u00fcrb\u00fclans ile a\u00e7\u0131k hava t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimin t\u00fcrb\u00fclans \u00fczerindeki etkisini anlamak i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikte t\u00fcrb\u00fclansa neden olan atmosferik olay\u0131 anlamak gereklidir. Termal \/ konvektif t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131n olu\u015fma belirli bir b\u00f6lgedeki s\u0131cak ve nemli havan\u0131n y\u00fcksek atmosferin yukar\u0131 katmanlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimi sonucu artan y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ta\u015f\u0131nmalar\u0131 daha s\u0131k ve daha \u015fiddetli hale getirdi\u011finden termal \/ konvektif t\u00fcrb\u00fclanslar\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artmas\u0131ndan do\u011frudan etkilidir. A\u00e7\u0131k hava t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131 ise jet ak\u0131mlar\u0131n k\u00f6\u015felerindeki r\u00fczgar kesmesi sonucu olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fimi ile D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n her b\u00f6lgesi ayn\u0131 miktarda \u0131s\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015fe daha dik maruz kalan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck enlemlerde yer alan tropik b\u00f6lgeler y\u00fcksek enlemde yer alan arktik b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re daha fazla \u0131s\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bu fark\u0131n sonucunda h\u0131z\u0131 artan jet ak\u0131mlar\u0131 daha \u015fiddetli ve s\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131k hava t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fimi Kaynakl\u0131 T\u00fcrb\u00fclans Art\u0131\u015f Oranlar\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngiltere’deki Reading \u00dcniversitesi’nden ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, iklim de\u011fi\u015fimi kaynakl\u0131 atmosferdeki CO2 konsantrasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n hafif t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k %59, orta t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131 %4 ve orta-\u015fiddetli t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131 %127 art\u0131rabilece\u011fini buldu.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrb\u00fclans Ne Kadar Tehlikeli<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrb\u00fclans genellikle u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda korkutucu olsa da, modern u\u00e7aklar ve e\u011fitimli pilotlar sayesinde nadiren ciddi tehlikeler olu\u015fturur. U\u00e7aklar tasarlan\u0131rken t\u00fcrb\u00fclans halindeki ta\u015f\u0131yabilece\u011fi y\u00fcke g\u00f6re tasarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan t\u00fcrb\u00fclans sonucu bir u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi neredeyse imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Ama t\u00fcrb\u00fclans sonucunda yolcular\u0131n ya da kabin ekibinin yaralanmas\u0131 hatta \u00f6lmesi olas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok yak\u0131n tarihe ya\u015fanan iki \u00f6rnek bu t\u00fcrb\u00fclansa dikkat edilmedi\u011fi takdirde sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n neler olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n